Last Updated on April 9, 2024 by The Health Master
Continued……. India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 13
Physical Pharmaceutics II is a continuation of the Physical Pharmaceutics I taught in the fourth semester of B. Pharmacy.
It deals with some significant concepts involved in formulation such as colloidal and coarse dispersions, rheology, micromeritics and drug stability.
Dispersion is a delivery system where two different phases are stabilized with an external agent to enforce one phase into another in the form of a dispersed phase or globules.
The size of dispersed phase classifies it as a coarse dispersion or colloidal dispersion.
The first unit of the syllabus is colloidal dispersions and discusses about types of dispersed systems & their characteristics.
It also includes optical, kinetic & electrical properties. A note of electrolytes used and their effects is also given.
Rheology is the study of the flow properties of liquid. The flow characteristics classify them as Newtonian or non Newtonian systems.
Newtonian systems have a direct relation between shearing stress and rate of shear. Non-Newtonian systems can be however pseudoplastic, dilatant or plastic in nature.
An important virtue of, thixotropy is also discussed. Various instruments used for measurement of viscosity, their construction and working is also discussed.
These include capillary viscometer, falling sphere viscometer and rotational viscometer.
Coarse dispersion includes suspensions and emulsions. The theory of thermodynamic stability achieved in the formulation of the same is studied.
Interfacial properties of suspended particles and their behavior is also taught. Emulsions are also dispersions which can be O/W or W/O.
Their characteristics, formulation and stability are a part of content taught. A method of classification of emulsifiers called HLB scale is also mentioned.
This aid in type of emulsion required and different methods to achieve desired HLB is given.
A unit on micromeretics, which includes a study of particle size and their distribution, is also given.
Various properties such as mean particle size, particle number and weight distribution is given.
The same are determined experimentally in the practical course.
Different methods are studied such as:
- Surface area,
- Permeability,
- Adsorption,
- Derived properties of powders,
- Porosity,
- Packing arrangement,
- Densities,
- Bulkiness
- Flow properties.
The last unit of the subject is about drug stability. It includes topics such as kinetics involved in various reactions.
Different orders of reaction such as zero order, pseudo-zero, first & second order exist.
Various properties which affect the stability of drug and its delivery system are studied.
Stability testing and its application for determination of shelf life is also included in the course content.
To be continued……. India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 15
By Dr. Kumud Madan
Author is Associate Professor at Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology (Pharm.) Greater Noida, India
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 1
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 2
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 3
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 4
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 5
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 6
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 7
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 8
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 9
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 10
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 11
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 12
India and Pharmacy Education: Chapter: 13
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